Disruption of Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling by a Novel Ligand-dependent Mechanism

Reactive Oxygen Species and p38MAPK Have a Role in the Smad2 Linker Region Phosphorylation Induced by TGF-β

Background: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in addition to the C-terminal region can phosphorylate receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) in their linker region. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of signaling mediators such as NAD(P)H oxidases (reactive oxygen species [ROS] generators), ROS, and ROS-sensitive p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in this signaling ...

Directed Blocking of TGF-β Receptor I Binding Site Using Tailored Peptide Segments to Inhibit its Signaling Pathway

Background: TGF-β isoforms play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes. Therefore, targeting and inhibiting TGF-β signaling pathway provides a potential therapeutic opportunity. TGF-β isoforms bind and bring the receptors (TβRII and TβRI) together to form a signaling complex in an ordered manner. Objectives: Herein, an antagonistic variant of TGF-β (AnTβ)...

Transforming growth factor β/activin signaling functions as a sugar-sensing feedback loop to regulate digestive enzyme expression.

Organisms need to assess their nutritional state and adapt their digestive capacity to the demands for various nutrients. Modulation of digestive enzyme production represents a rational step to regulate nutriment uptake. However, the role of digestion in nutrient homeostasis has been largely neglected. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism underlying glucose repression of digestive enzymes i...

Signaling Mechanisms of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in Cancer: TGF-β Induces Apoptosis in Lung Cells by a Smad-Dependent Mechanism

SnoN facilitates ALK1–Smad1/5 signaling during embryonic angiogenesis

In endothelial cells, two type I receptors of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, ALK1 and ALK5, coordinate to regulate embryonic angiogenesis in response to BMP9/10 and TGF-β. Whereas TGF-β binds to and activates ALK5, leading to Smad2/3 phosphorylation and inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and migration, BMP9/10 and TGF-β also bind to ALK1, resulting in the activation ...